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(photoshop)如何从真实表面提取法线贴图

'How to make normal maps from real surfaces'--如何从真实表面提取法线贴图
"How to make normal maps from real surfaces"
by Ryan Clark
原文链接:
http://www.3dtotal.com/team/Tutorials/normal_maps/normal_maps_01.asp



I've devised a way to capture normal and displacement maps from real 3D surfaces. It's easy!  Just follow the steps below.
(我想出了一种从真实的三维物体上捕捉法线贴图和置换贴图的方法。它非常简单,请按照下面的步骤跟着我做。)
Materials: (准备)
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You need these things:
(你需要准备下面这些东西:)

1. Digital Camera
(数码相机)
2. Computer with Photoshop and Nvidia's Texture Tools
(安装了photoshop和Nvidia纹理工具的计算机)
3. Movable light-source
(可移动的光源)
4. Subject.  (In this example, Subject is a bowl of peanuts.)
(主题(在这个例子中,主题是一碗花生))


Step 1:
(步骤1)
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With your camera fixed, photograph your subject four times, lighted from each of four directions.  You'll want to experiment with the elevation of your light.  Light from a low angle, but not so low that your subject is obscured by its own shadow.
(固定好你的相机,然后移动光源,从不同的照明角度拍摄主题的照片。你可能会想抬高你的灯。请保持光源处在较低的角度,但也不要放的太低以至于你的主题因为处于自身的阴影而模糊不清。)

   
Lighted From Above( 从正上方打光) Lighted From Left(从左侧打光)

   
Lighted From Below(从下方打光)      Lighted From Right(从右侧打光)
Step 2:
(步骤2)
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Crop your photographs, and convert them to grayscale.
(复制一份你拍摄的照片,并将它们转化为灰度图像。)

   
Lighted From Above(从上方打光)    Lighted From Left (从左侧打光)


   
Lighted From Below(从下方打光)   Lighted From Right(从右侧打光)
Step 3:
(步骤3)
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Create a new image (hereafter called "AboveLeft"),  with your Above-lighted photograph for a green channel, and your Left-lighted photograph for a red channel.
(创建一个新图像(我把它叫作“左上”,下文亦然),让你的从上方打光的图作为绿色通道,从左侧打光的图作为红色通道。(译者注:记得用的是灰度图))


AboveLeft左上)
green channel = Lighted From Above(绿色通道=从上方打光的图)
red channel = Lighted From Left(红色通道=从左侧打光的图)

Step 4:
(步骤4)
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Adjust levels for "AboveLeft". Select output levels 127 and 0.
(调整“左上”的色阶,将输出级别设置为127和0。)




AboveLeft:after levels adjusted
(色阶调整过后的“左上”)
Step 5:
(步骤5)
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Create a new image (hereafter called "BelowRight"),  with your Below-lighted photograph for a green channel, and your Right-lighted photograph for a red channel
(创建一个新图像(命名为“右下”,下文亦然),用从下方打光的图作为它的绿色通道,从右侧打光的图作为它的红色通道。)


BelowRight:(右下)
green channel = Lighted From Below(绿色通道=从下方打光的图)
red channel = Lighted From Right (红色通道=从右侧打光的图)

Step 6:
(步骤6)
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Adjust levels for "BelowRight". Select output levels 128 and 255.
(调整“右下”的色阶,将输出级别设置为128和255)

  

BelowRight: after levels adjusted(色阶调整过的“右下”)
Step 7:
(步骤7)
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Paste BelowRight into a new layer over AboveLeft. Set the new layer's blend mode to "Overlay," and flatten your image.
(Optionally, experiment with other blend modes.  I find "Hard Light" works well for some maps).  
(将“右下”粘贴到“左上”之上的一个新的图层。并将这个图层的混合模式设置为“overlay”,这将使你的图像变得平缓。(可以随意的试试其他混合模式,我觉得“hardlight”对某些图像来说是个不错的选择))




Normal Map:after image overlay(叠加之后的法线贴图)
Step 8:
(步骤8)
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Fill the blue channel with a light color.  Experiment with the shade; a lighter blue will yield a smoother normal map.
(给它的蓝色通道填充一种亮色。尝试下着色,然后会呈现法线贴图那种光滑的亮蓝色。)


Normal Map :blue channel lightened(蓝色通道变亮之后的法线贴图)
Step 9:
(步骤9)
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Apply NVIDIA's Normal Map filter, using the "Normalize Only" setting. Your normal map should now be finished and ready for use
(应用Nvidia的法线贴图过滤器,选择“nomalize only”。现在你的法线贴图以经完成并可以使用了。)


Normal Map :finished and ready for use(已经完成可以使用的法线贴图)
Step 10:
(步骤10)
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If you need a displacement map, my Displacement Map Creator will make one for you.
(如果你需要置换贴图,我的“置换贴图生成器”可以帮你做一个。)--译者注:原文中的置换贴图生成器链接已失效,用PS也可以。


Further Examples:(更多的例子)


Subjectecorative Cross  Normal Map:after steps 1 -9    Displacement Map:from displacement map creator
(主题:装饰性的十字架  法线贴图:在经过步骤1-9之后  置换贴图)


3D Renderings:
(3维渲染)

  
  


  

来源:译文3D网

[ 本帖最后由 火柴盒 于 2008-4-22 07:57 编辑 ]
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