I've devised a way to capture normal and displacement maps from real 3D surfaces. It's easy! Just follow the steps below.
(我想出了一种从真实的三维物体上捕捉法线贴图和置换贴图的方法。它非常简单,请按照下面的步骤跟着我做。)
Materials: (准备)
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You need these things:
(你需要准备下面这些东西:)
1. Digital Camera
(数码相机)
2. Computer with Photoshop and Nvidia's Texture Tools
(安装了photoshop和Nvidia纹理工具的计算机)
3. Movable light-source
(可移动的光源)
4. Subject. (In this example, Subject is a bowl of peanuts.)
(主题(在这个例子中,主题是一碗花生))
With your camera fixed, photograph your subject four times, lighted from each of four directions. You'll want to experiment with the elevation of your light. Light from a low angle, but not so low that your subject is obscured by its own shadow.
(固定好你的相机,然后移动光源,从不同的照明角度拍摄主题的照片。你可能会想抬高你的灯。请保持光源处在较低的角度,但也不要放的太低以至于你的主题因为处于自身的阴影而模糊不清。)
Lighted From Above( 从正上方打光) Lighted From Left(从左侧打光)
Lighted From Below(从下方打光) Lighted From Right(从右侧打光)
Create a new image (hereafter called "AboveLeft"), with your Above-lighted photograph for a green channel, and your Left-lighted photograph for a red channel.
(创建一个新图像(我把它叫作“左上”,下文亦然),让你的从上方打光的图作为绿色通道,从左侧打光的图作为红色通道。(译者注:记得用的是灰度图))
AboveLeft左上)
green channel = Lighted From Above(绿色通道=从上方打光的图)
red channel = Lighted From Left(红色通道=从左侧打光的图)
Step 4:
(步骤4)
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Adjust levels for "AboveLeft". Select output levels 127 and 0.
(调整“左上”的色阶,将输出级别设置为127和0。)
Create a new image (hereafter called "BelowRight"), with your Below-lighted photograph for a green channel, and your Right-lighted photograph for a red channel
(创建一个新图像(命名为“右下”,下文亦然),用从下方打光的图作为它的绿色通道,从右侧打光的图作为它的红色通道。)
BelowRight:(右下)
green channel = Lighted From Below(绿色通道=从下方打光的图)
red channel = Lighted From Right (红色通道=从右侧打光的图)
Step 6:
(步骤6)
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Adjust levels for "BelowRight". Select output levels 128 and 255.
(调整“右下”的色阶,将输出级别设置为128和255)
BelowRight: after levels adjusted(色阶调整过的“右下”)
Step 7:
(步骤7)
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Paste BelowRight into a new layer over AboveLeft. Set the new layer's blend mode to "Overlay," and flatten your image.
(Optionally, experiment with other blend modes. I find "Hard Light" works well for some maps).
(将“右下”粘贴到“左上”之上的一个新的图层。并将这个图层的混合模式设置为“overlay”,这将使你的图像变得平缓。(可以随意的试试其他混合模式,我觉得“hardlight”对某些图像来说是个不错的选择))
Fill the blue channel with a light color. Experiment with the shade; a lighter blue will yield a smoother normal map.
(给它的蓝色通道填充一种亮色。尝试下着色,然后会呈现法线贴图那种光滑的亮蓝色。)
Normal Map :blue channel lightened(蓝色通道变亮之后的法线贴图)
Step 9:
(步骤9)
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Apply NVIDIA's Normal Map filter, using the "Normalize Only" setting. Your normal map should now be finished and ready for use
(应用Nvidia的法线贴图过滤器,选择“nomalize only”。现在你的法线贴图以经完成并可以使用了。)
Normal Map :finished and ready for use(已经完成可以使用的法线贴图)
Step 10:
(步骤10)
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If you need a displacement map, my Displacement Map Creator will make one for you.
(如果你需要置换贴图,我的“置换贴图生成器”可以帮你做一个。)--译者注:原文中的置换贴图生成器链接已失效,用PS也可以。